Past Simple is used when you talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
Example: “I finished the report yesterday.
(Here, “yesterday” gives us a clear point in the past, so we use the past simple.)

Present Perfect is used when the time is not specified or when there is a connection to the present (the result is relevant now).
Example: “I have finished the report.
(Here, the time is not mentioned, and the result is important now.)

Tip:

  • Use Past Simple for actions that happened at a specific time (like “yesterday,” “last year,” “in 2023,” etc.).
  • Use Present Perfect when the exact time isn’t mentioned, or when the action has an effect or relevance to now.